Article 32. Security of processing
(1) Taking into account the current state of technological development, the costs of implementation and the nature, scope, context and purposes of processing as well as the risk of varying likelihood and severity for the rights and freedoms of natural persons, the controller and the processor shall implement appropriate technical and organisational measures to ensure a level of security appropriate to that risk, including, inter alia, where applicable:
- a) the pseudonymisation and encryption of personal data;
- b) the ability to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, availability and resilience of processing systems and services;
- c) the ability to restore the availability of and access to personal data in a timely manner in the event of a physical or technical incident;
- d) a process for regularly testing, assessing and evaluating the effectiveness of technical and organisational measures for ensuring the security of the processing.
(2) In assessing the appropriate level of security, account shall be taken in particular of the risks that are presented by processing, in particular from accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure of, or access to, personal data transmitted, stored or otherwise processed.
(3) Adherence to a code of conduct approved in accordance with art. 40 or to a certification mechanism approved in accordance with art. 42 may be used as an element by which to demonstrate fulfilment of the requirements set out in paragraph (1).
(4) The controller and the processor shall take steps to ensure that any natural person acting under the authority of the controller or the processor who has access to personal data does not process them except on instructions from the controller, unless normative acts require the processing of the personal data.